A licensed therapist’s first months training with NeurOptimal®: what she noticed, what it can’t do, common concerns, and who it suits.
NYC Therapist Shares Her Experience Training With NeurOptimal® NeurofeedbackUpdated October 2026
Alison Pepper, LCSW, is a New York City therapist and clinical social worker who trained with NeurOptimal® herself before using it with clients. Below, she shares what she noticed in her first months of training. Because many readers are new to neurofeedback, we start with the basics: what NeurOptimal® can’t do and the concerns people raise most often, then a short introduction to how neurofeedback works. Neurofeedback has been studied since the 1970s, and it’s now used more and more in brain wellness.
Before Alison’s experience, here is what NeurOptimal® doesn’t do, and the concerns we hear most often from people researching it.
NeurOptimal® is a brain-training system for general wellness. It is not a medical treatment, and it isn’t designed to diagnose, treat or cure any condition, including ADHD, anxiety, depression or sleep disorders. It doesn’t replace care from your doctor or therapist; many people use it alongside that care.
Most criticism we see comes from three places: people who expected it to work like a medical treatment; people comparing it with traditional, protocol-based neurofeedback, which starts with a brain map and targets specific brainwaves, while NeurOptimal® does neither; and the cost, which is significant for a system with less published research behind it than traditional neurofeedback. NeurOptimal® is a commercially sold system made by the Zengar Institute and used by certified trainers, clinicians and families.
It varies. Most clients complete 30 to 60 sessions over 2 to 4 months, and many report noticing changes within the first 10 to 15. Progress isn’t always steady: as Alison describes below, stressful periods can make changes feel less noticeable.
NeurOptimal® is non-invasive: sensors read the brain’s electrical activity, and nothing is sent into the brain. Some people notice temporary changes after a session, such as feeling tired or more alert. If that happens, a trainer can help you adjust how often you train.
It’s probably not the right fit if you need medical treatment for a condition, want a quick fix in one or two sessions, or can’t train regularly for at least a couple of months. If you’re unsure, talk to your doctor or therapist first, and book a free consultation with us to ask questions.
You don’t have to buy a system to try it. Home rentals start at $650 a month and include a weekly 1:1 coaching call with a certified trainer, and in-office sessions are available at our New York City office. A new system with an unlimited license is $9,995; used systems start at $6,500.
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Neurofeedback (NFB) helps to promote brain wellness. Neurofeedback works on improving brain functions so you can better engage in your day-to-day processes and make more conscious, healthy decisions. 
Neurofeedback wellness training offer additional help managing sleep, helps you with mood stability, performance anxiety and mental clarity. NFB is in use since the 1970s, but its growth has been slow due to still developing computing technology. For a long time brains computed faster than computers so scientists had to wait until computing speed became sufficiently fast.
Furthermore, as NFB equipment is expensive, so many clinicians shy away from using it. Nonetheless, there is a growing interest in neurofeedback and its efficacy. Neurofeedback wellness systems also help you stabilize brain activity to reduce negative effects connected with performance anxiety and mood, and sleep management.
Neurofeedback training is a brain training when your brain learns how to effectively change its states. It teaches you to change gears from being revved up to going back into relaxation, and regulation, and knowing which moments need which state. As example, we've all had those experiences when we found ourselves yelling, when, very quickly we realize it's not necessary and only adding to the problem. Most of the time the appropriate gear is the state called regulation. In this brainwave zone we can focus, we are calm, open, our thoughts are not racing.
This brain function is called self-regulation and it is connected to the brain's basic property of neuroplasticity.
Furthermore, as the "training" implies, it is important to train your body and brain. It is a flexible muscle in your body, and similarly, as let's say your triceps, it has an ability to grow and adapt to the environment. Given this ability, and what we know about physical training at the gym, neither your triceps nor your brain, will get in shape after a single or a few session. It has to be a commitment but is worth the effort if you value being at your best mentally and emotionally.
This principle of "training" brings up two important questions: How many neurofeedback training sessions will I need, and how long will results last?
How long do results last? It depends on your lifestyle and how well you take care of yourself. Do you have a lifestyle that nurtures your health or do you push it to the limits? But assuming you take relatively good care of yourself and don't have chronic stress with poor self-care, once you do your basic brain training you have created a good foundation for resilience. We could compare this type of training to a different kind of training such as learning how to ride a biking. Do you remember your first time you tried to ride a bike? And how it took some time to master it? But once you learned, you created a body memory and even if it's been years since you rode, once you get on your body quickly remembers what to do. With brain training it is a similar process. If we haven't trained for a while and we notice we are not managing our sleep well, snapping at people at work, and easily distracted. When we train again, we quickly 'remember' how to regulate ourselves and get back on track with our wellness regimes.
With regard to how long it takes to notice changes from neurofeedback, the brain needs time to rewire itself. Whenever we learn something new or repeat behaviors over and over, the brain goes through the process of building and /or strengthening connections between neurons. The brain is made of hundreds of billions of neurons that are interconnected in so-called neuron sites. Each neuron has then as much as 100.000 connections with other neurons. You can watch an astounding video of scientists at Cardiff University modeling brain processes here.
With the NeurOptimal® device, there is no fixed number. The goal is optimization of brain wellness, and was mentioned before, there are many factors that contribute to our wellness. As well, your personal goals and preferences play the largest role in how many sessions you will ultimately decide to do. Here are some contributing factors:
That is a lot of variables to consider, but in general people train for anywhere between 20 and 60 for shorter-term goals. And for some people the goal is optimization of performance such as during a child's school years, or overall wellness for one's lifetime. Some train with tune-up sessions or purchase the equipment and train weekly for years. You can train at home with a NeurOptimal® rental or buy a system.
Like any learning, more frequently at first tends to speed up the learning process. Many people train 2-3 sessions per week, and some as little as once a week. The other important variable is consistency. The most satisfied people train regularly and put themselves on a schedule, like piano lessons, once a week.
Each session's recommended time reserve is 60 minutes. Who can't get free for 60 minutes, there are also 1-hour plans. The program running time itself is 33 minutes, and the rest is arranging sensors, filling out the self-reporting changes form, and un-hooking after the session.
Over the summer, I had the opportunity to begin neurofeedback on myself, and I loved it. That first positive experience of feeling calm and centered made me want to understand how it worked. I had no previous experience with brain training and didn't remember anything I learned in graduate school about the brain's electrical patterning so I was eager to familiarize myself about how it worked.
But to go back to my experience during my first NeurOptimal® session, after the sensors were placed on my head and clipped to my ears, and the 'start' button was pressed there was nothing else for me to do. I found myself a little disoriented without a task in front of me. Soon I shifted my focus to the opportunity ahead to just let go. I enjoyed looking out the window, listening to the NeurOptimal music (the feedback is through precisely timed interruptions in the music that are cued by electrical signal changes in the brain). As a busy New Yorker and disciplined meditator, I especially loved that for 33 minutes I could sit and relax, and didn’t have to follow my breath, practice anything, or do anything if I didn’t want to, the work was being done by my automatic functioning brain as it was cued by the precisely timed interruptions in the music. After a few minutes, I could feel the muscles of my shoulders start to drop.
After about a month of my weekly, sometimes twice-weekly summer neurofeedback therapy sessions, I was feeling more relaxed, the tension was releasing in my body, but also in my mind. I was focused and alert, but not in the usual hyper-vigilant way I had grown accustomed to as a stressed city dweller.
After my first month, my circumstances changed and life became increasingly stressful. It was harder to get myself in for my sessions and I noticed my initial training experience was harder to access. The noise of my life became a bit louder than the calm and focus of training experience. But because I'd done my studying about how neurofeedback worked, I wasn't deterred and I made myself get my regular sessions in.
NeurOptimal® Neurofeedback is dynamic and works millisecond-by-millisecond with my current state, and brain patterns. I knew it was doing its job to help me rewire my patterns by alerting me to them regardless of whether I was feeling particularly focused or happy that day.
The one piece of advice I'd been given was to make sure that I was consistent in my sessions and to think of it like learning an instrument or a foreign language: faster results when we're learning in at a consistent pace with no large gaps where we can forget what we learned.
Despite the new schedule challenges I kept at it; kept training, and also kept doing all the other things I do when I’m super stressed. During this time, I noticed two things different from other high-stress times in my life: my body felt relaxed, and I was aware of my negative thinking and stories of worry.
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With time, my life stressors eased, and I have been continuing my weekly neurofeedback sessions. I am now more aware of my body being tired and sleeping more, which I know is something my body has been wanting and needing for some time. With regular training, I feel I am now better able to identify the subtle and not so subtle signs my body is giving me, and respond accordingly.
As a new Certified Trainer, I have also started to train others. This has been a moving experience. I now understand why it is the policy at Neurofeedback Training Co that all trainers train themselves with NeurOptimal®. To see directly the benefits of this training on myself, and to be able to share that with other people is such a gift. When they ask me about the benefits I can speak to them from my experience. It wasn't a straight line of gradually feeling a better but rather initial increase in calm and groundedness, then the bump of life stressors and feeling some worry and overwhelm, but I knew to keep training even though the benefits weren't as pronounced.
With each week I'm growing more confident in the benefits. I can even see the shifts in peoples faces from when they first sit down and when they finish their session. Relaxed, brighter, and those who are sleep deprived, they often say, "Wow. I'm tired." To which I respond, "Sounds like you're becoming more aware of how exhausted you are. I noticed that too when I first started my brain training."
Reviewed by Natalie N. Baker, MA, LMHC, Advanced Certified NeurOptimal® Trainer and licensed psychotherapist. Originally published January 2018; updated October 2026 with a section on limits and common concerns.
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